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The idea that holding a law degree automatically defines someone as a lawyer is a misconception that I’ve worked hard to challenge. Much like possessing a truck licence doesn’t make someone a truck driver, having a law degree doesn’t dictate one’s identity or career path. For me, my law degree was never about becoming “just a lawyer”—it was about building something far more meaningful: a career as a professional advocate in industrial relations and human rights. A Legacy of Love and Determination My journey into studying law was not driven by personal ambition, but by love. It was a decision inspired by my father, Brian Newman Snr, who dreamed of becoming a lawyer but never had the opportunity to pursue that path. When he was diagnosed with terminal cancer, I made a promise—to honour his dream by earning a law degree in his name. The degree was not merely a qualification; it became a deeply personal tribute to my father. When I was awarded the degree, it bore only the name “Brian Newman,” a testament to the shared effort between us. My father passed away just twelve days later, and as we said our final goodbyes, I placed a copy of that degree in his coffin. It was my way of ensuring he carried a piece of that dream with him. This degree represents so much more than academic achievement. It embodies love, resilience, and the values my father instilled in me—integrity, dedication, and the courage to carve out my own path. A Career Built on Advocacy From industrial disputes to unfair dismissal cases and human rights advocacy, my career has centred on standing up for those who often lack a voice. Advocacy has taken me into workplaces, tribunals, and commissions, where I’ve worked tirelessly to deliver practical, meaningful solutions for my clients. This work does not require a practising certificate. What it demands is a deep understanding of the systems that govern workplaces and human rights and a passion for justice. My expertise has been developed over decades of navigating these complexities, not from standing in courtrooms but from making a tangible difference in people’s lives. Not a Lawyer, But an Advocate Unlike many law graduates who aspire to become solicitors or barristers, I’ve never desired to join the legal profession in its traditional sense. The title of “lawyer” holds no appeal for me. Instead, I’ve found my calling in advocacy—where I can work directly with clients, approach challenges creatively, and focus on achieving results that matter. Australia has no shortage of lawyers, but what it often lacks are professional advocates who can navigate the intersections of industrial relations and human rights. That’s where I’ve chosen to focus my skills and energy, building a career that aligns with my values and purpose. The Journey Ahead In 2025, I will return to Griffith University to pursue a Master of International Law, further deepening my knowledge and expanding my ability to advocate on a global scale. This next step reflects my continued commitment to the causes I champion—fairness, equity, and justice. I am content in my place in the world, proud of the work I do, and determined to make a lasting impact. Advocacy is not just a job for me; it is a calling that allows me to challenge injustices, empower others, and honour the legacy of love and determination that brought me to where I am today. Rising Above Dishonest Claims The path of advocacy is not without challenges. Over the years, I’ve encountered dishonest claims from former clients or associates who, when dissatisfied, have accused me of misrepresenting myself as a lawyer. These allegations are baseless and could not be further from the truth. Since 2001, I’ve built my career as a professional advocate in industrial relations and human rights—not as a lawyer, but as someone dedicated to standing with those in need. While such claims can be triggering for someone like me, living with severe PTSD, I remain steadfast in my commitment to this work. My strength to continue comes from my daughters, my family, and my friends, who remind me daily of the importance of what I do. Advocacy is not about titles or credentials—it’s about action, impact, and staying true to one’s values. For me, there is no greater fulfilment than knowing I’ve made a difference in the lives of others.

Employment contracts are much like light switches. They govern the flow of energy (or work) in the employment relationship, keeping the light (employment) on. But when the time comes for that light to be turned off – when employment ends – someone has to flip the switch. This is where resignation, dismissal, and deeds of settlement come into play. Let’s break it down simply. Who Flips the Switch? When an employment relationship ends, the light switch – the employment contract – must be turned off by someone. But who does it depends on the circumstances: • Resignation: This happens when the employee decides to turn off the switch. It’s a voluntary act where the employee signals their intent to end their role within the organisation. Typically, the employee provides notice as outlined in their contract or industrial agreements. • Dismissal: In this case, it’s the employer who flips the switch. Dismissal occurs when the employer decides to terminate the employment relationship. This could be due to redundancy, performance issues, misconduct, or other factors. Employers must follow strict legal and contractual obligations when dismissing an employee to ensure fairness and compliance with the law. While both result in the light being turned off, who flips the switch makes a big difference in terms of legal and reputational implications. Why Does It Matter Who Turns Off the Switch? The difference between resignation and dismissal isn’t just semantics – it has real-world implications: 1. Legal Rights and Obligations Resignation generally doesn’t give rise to claims such as unfair dismissal unless it was forced (known as constructive dismissal). Dismissal, on the other hand, can trigger claims for unfair dismissal, breach of contract, or adverse action, depending on the circumstances. 2. Notice and Entitlements When an employee resigns, they’re usually required to provide notice as outlined in their employment contract. If they fail to do so, the employer may have grounds to deduct certain entitlements. Conversely, if an employer dismisses an employee, they must provide notice or payment in lieu, except in cases of serious misconduct. 3. Reputation and Future Prospects Resignation often carries less stigma than dismissal. Being able to state on future job applications that you resigned, rather than being dismissed, can have a significant impact on career opportunities. What Is a Deed of Settlement, and Why Include Resignation? When the employment relationship ends in a mutually agreed way, it’s common to formalise the terms in a deed of settlement. This legally binding agreement sets out the conditions under which the contract is terminated and ensures both parties understand their rights and obligations. One key feature of many deeds of settlement is the inclusion of resignation. Here’s why: 1. Clarity and Certainty Including resignation in the deed makes it clear that the employee voluntarily flipped the switch, ending the contract. This avoids disputes about whether the employment ended by resignation, dismissal, or mutual termination. 2. Avoiding Legal Claims If the deed specifies that the employee resigned, it can preclude claims such as unfair dismissal, general protections, or breach of contract. This creates a “clean break” for both parties, ensuring the end of the employment relationship is final and without ongoing disputes. 3. Reputation Management For the employee, agreeing to include resignation can protect their professional reputation. It allows them to move forward without the potential stigma of being dismissed. 4. Compliance and Finality The deed ensures all outstanding obligations – such as notice payments, leave entitlements, and waivers of claims – are settled. By documenting the reason for termination, it reduces the risk of misunderstandings or further disputes. An Analogy: Turning Off the Light Switch Think of an employment contract as a light switch. As long as the switch is on, the employment relationship continues. But when it’s time for the light to go out, someone has to flip the switch – either the employee or the employer. Including resignation in a deed of settlement is like agreeing on who flipped the switch and why. It ensures everyone knows how and why the light went out, leaving no room for disputes or confusion later. The Importance of Getting It Right Whether you’re an employee or an employer, understanding who flips the switch and how it’s recorded can make all the difference. For employees, it can impact your career, your reputation, and your legal rights. For employers, it’s a way to protect your organisation from future claims and ensure compliance with legal obligations. By formalising these details in a deed of settlement, both parties can walk away with clarity and peace of mind, knowing the light has been turned off in a way that’s fair, final, and agreed upon. If you’re facing a situation where a deed of settlement is being proposed, it’s crucial to understand the implications of resignation versus dismissal. Both have their place, but agreeing on who flipped the switch – and documenting it clearly – is essential for a smooth and fair transition. For more guidance on employment contracts, resignations, or dismissals, visit 1800ADVOCATES  or contact us directly.

Cyberbullying already has a devastating impact on mental health, but for individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the consequences can be significantly amplified. PTSD, a severe and persistent mental health condition triggered by trauma, leaves individuals more vulnerable to the emotional and psychological toll of online harassment. Understanding how cyberbullying uniquely affects those with PTSD is crucial to providing effective support and intervention. Amplified Challenges for Individuals with PTSD 1. Heightened Mental Health Struggles Cyberbullying can severely exacerbate the symptoms of PTSD. Victims may experience flashbacks, panic attacks, or heightened anxiety as the online abuse mirrors feelings of helplessness and fear associated with their trauma. The pervasive nature of cyberbullying can make it feel inescapable, intensifying the already overwhelming symptoms of PTSD. 2. Triggering of Traumatic Memories For individuals with PTSD, cyberbullying often triggers traumatic memories, leading to severe emotional distress. Harassers may unknowingly—or deliberately—use language, images, or scenarios reminiscent of the victim’s original trauma, compounding their psychological pain. 3. Increased Social Isolation Social withdrawal is a common coping mechanism for individuals with PTSD, and cyberbullying can worsen this isolation. Fear of further harassment may deter victims from engaging in social platforms or reaching out for help, leaving them feeling increasingly alone and unsupported. 4. Loss of Trust and Safety PTSD is characterised by a heightened sense of danger, and cyberbullying reinforces feelings of vulnerability and insecurity. Victims may lose trust in others, even those offering support, which complicates their recovery and deepens feelings of hopelessness. 5. Physical Health Impacts For individuals with PTSD, the stress of cyberbullying can manifest in more pronounced physical symptoms, such as increased heart rate, sleep disturbances, and heightened cortisol levels. These physical symptoms can further diminish their quality of life and reinforce the cycle of mental and emotional distress. 6. Stigma, Shame, and Victim Blaming People with PTSD may already carry stigma associated with their condition, and cyberbullying can amplify feelings of shame and inadequacy. If the harassment includes mocking their PTSD or its symptoms, victims may internalise the abuse, deepening their mental health challenges. Protective Measures and Support for Victims with PTSD Support for victims of cyberbullying with PTSD must be tailored to their unique needs. Here are some essential strategies: Trauma-Informed Care Providing trauma-informed support ensures that interventions are sensitive to the individual’s experiences and avoid exacerbating their symptoms. Counsellors and mental health professionals trained in PTSD can offer tailored strategies to help victims regain a sense of safety and control. Awareness and Education Greater awareness of the intersection between PTSD and cyberbullying can foster early intervention. Family, friends, and communities must understand the profound impact of online harassment on individuals with trauma histories. Support Networks Social connections are critical for recovery. Families and friends can play a key role by offering empathy and understanding, helping victims feel less isolated and more empowered to seek help. Legal Protections and Advocacy For individuals with PTSD, knowing that legal protections against cyberbullying exist can provide a sense of justice and empowerment. Advocacy groups and legal support can assist in holding perpetrators accountable and deterring further harassment. Moving Forward The intersection of cyberbullying and PTSD is a pressing issue requiring greater societal attention. If you or someone you know has PTSD and is experiencing cyberbullying, it’s crucial to seek professional help immediately. Trauma-informed counselling, strong social support, and legal recourse can make a significant difference in protecting mental health and reclaiming control over life. Together, we can work toward a digital landscape where empathy prevails over cruelty, ensuring a safer environment for everyone. Sources Communicating with People with Trauma-Related Disorders Insights into how trauma affects communication and recovery, emphasising the importance of supportive interactions. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) A comprehensive overview of PTSD, including its causes, symptoms, and effects on individuals. Dealing with Trauma Guidance on managing trauma, particularly in young people, and its connection to PTSD. Diagnosis and Treatment of PTSD Detailed guidelines for understanding and treating PTSD, focusing on trauma-informed care. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Nature of Trauma Explores how trauma shapes the experience and memory of individuals with PTSD, highlighting the disorder’s complexities.

At 1800ADVOCATES, we are dedicated to providing expert advocacy services for individuals navigating challenges in employment, human rights, and related areas. While our leadership team holds qualifications, including Bachelor of Laws (LLB), we are not practising lawyers, and our services are not offered as legal advice. Instead, we operate as professional advocates, ensuring clients have the support they need to address workplace disputes, human rights complaints, and other advocacy matters. Our Role as Advocates We assist clients with matters such as unfair dismissal, discrimination, sexual harassment, workers’ compensation appeals, and more. Our services focus on representation in relevant commissions and tribunals, but it is important to note that we are not legal practitioners. Any information or support provided is offered in our capacity as employment and human rights advocates, not as lawyers. If you require legal advice or court representation, we recommend consulting a qualified legal practitioner. Advocacy Across Commissions and Tribunals We provide representation and support in a variety of state, territory, and federal commissions and tribunals, including: Commonwealth Jurisdiction Fair Work Commission (FWC):  Unfair dismissal, general protections, workplace bullying, and employment disputes under the Fair Work Act 2009. Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC):  Complaints of discrimination, sexual harassment, and victimisation under federal laws. State and Territory Jurisdictions New South Wales NSW Industrial Relations Commission (NSW IRC):  Public sector employment disputes. NSW Anti-Discrimination Board (ADB):  Complaints under the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977. Queensland Queensland Industrial Relations Commission (QIRC):  Employment disputes under state legislation. Queensland Human Rights Commission (QHRC):  Discrimination and harassment complaints. Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal (QCAT):  Guardianship matters, discrimination disputes, and tenancy issues. Victoria Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT):  Equal opportunity and discrimination complaints. Western Australia WA Industrial Relations Commission (WAIRC):  State-based workplace disputes. Equal Opportunity Commission WA (EOC WA):  Discrimination complaints. South Australia South Australian Employment Tribunal (SAET):  Public sector and private sector disputes. Equal Opportunity Commission SA:  Discrimination and harassment complaints. Tasmania Tasmanian Industrial Commission (TIC):  Employment-related disputes. Equal Opportunity Tasmania (EOT):  Discrimination and harassment complaints. Australian Capital Territory ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal (ACAT):  Discrimination complaints and other disputes. Northern Territory NT Anti-Discrimination Commission:  Discrimination and harassment complaints. NT Industrial Relations Commission:  Workplace disputes. Specialised Advocacy on Request In addition to employment and human rights matters, we also offer assistance in specialised areas, including: Workers’ Compensation Appeals:  Advocacy and support in preparing appeals. National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS):  Representation in disputes or appeals involving the NDIS. Educational Disputes:  Advocacy for families in matters such as school suspensions or exclusions. Referrals for Broader Assistance If your matter falls outside our scope of operations, we can provide referrals to qualified practitioners or specialists who can assist further. Disclaimer This communication and any attachments may contain confidential, private, or legally privileged information and may be protected by copyright. It is intended for the recipient(s) only and should only be used in an authorised manner. Unauthorised use, review, alteration, transmission, disclosure, distribution, or copying of this communication is prohibited. While the information provided may be useful, it is not a substitute for legal advice tailored to your specific circumstances. For legal advice, we recommend consulting a qualified legal practitioner. We provide this information in our capacity as Employment and Human Rights Advocates, not as legal practitioners. 1800ADVOCATES Pty Ltd accepts no liability for any costs orders or financial consequences arising from matters progressing before the Fair Work Commission or other legal forums. Should you require legal advice, we encourage you to seek assistance from a qualified legal professional. Transparency and Integrity At 1800ADVOCATES, we are committed to transparency and integrity. By clearly outlining the scope of our services, we ensure our clients are informed and supported at every step. If you have any questions or need assistance, please reach out to us. We are here to help you navigate your advocacy needs with confidence and care.

FACTS Coles provided employees at a warehouse with Milo drinking chocolate to enjoy during their breaks. One employee had a unique way of consuming Milo by mixing it with other ingredients of his own creation. He would take a small amount of Milo home daily to blend it with drinking chocolate, coffee, and raw sugar, bringing the mixture back to work the following day. Upon receiving a report that the employee was seen taking Milo without authorization, Coles security stopped and questioned him as he left work. During the encounter, the employee provided conflicting responses, mentioning both bringing the Milo from home and taking it from work. Subsequently, Coles suspended the employee and conducted a formal inquiry eleven days later. During the investigation, the employee clarified his process and expressed feeling surprised and bewildered by the aggressive questioning from security. Ultimately, Coles terminated the employee, citing a violation of its code of conduct due to the unauthorized removal of Milo and dishonesty during the security interrogation. QUESTION: Was the termination of the employee unjust, considering the employer's pre-dismissal procedure? VERDICT: The Fair Work Commission acknowledged that on the specific day, the employee inadvertently left some Milo behind, prompting him to bring the mixture to work and store it in his bag instead of his locker. The commission determined that the employee consumed the mixture only at work and took it home for personal use. Notably, Coles supplied Milo for employee consumption at the workplace, which the employee complied with. The security guard's questioning failed to yield substantial responses due to the interrogative approach. Given the circumstances, the employee's confusion was reasonable and did not indicate deceitfulness. Coles' deficient investigation led to the wrongful dismissal of the employee for an innocent action. Consequently, the commission ruled in favor of reinstating the employee.

The case of HOMES v Coles Group Ltd [2014] FWC 1013 is a notable example of how the handling of workplace investigations can have a significant impact on the fairness of dismissal decisions. The Fair Work Commission (FWC) in this case emphasised the critical importance of conducting proper and thorough investigations before taking disciplinary action against employees. Let's delve into the facts, the issues considered, and the FWC's ultimate decision. Background Facts Coles Group Ltd provided its warehouse employees with Milo drinking chocolate to enjoy during their breaks. One employee, Mr. Homes, had a unique preference for mixing Milo with drinking chocolate, coffee, and raw sugar to create a special blend. His process involved taking a small amount of Milo home daily to prepare the mixture and bringing it back to work the next day for his own consumption. The situation escalated when Coles management received a report alleging that Mr. Homes was seen spooning Milo into his bag. As he was leaving work that day, security stopped him and conducted an aggressive interrogation. Understandably, the employee was caught off guard and gave mixed responses, including that he both took Milo from work and brought it from home. Following this incident, Mr. Homes was suspended, and Coles initiated a formal inquiry 11 days later. During the inquiry, Mr. Homes explained his practice of preparing his mixture at home and expressed his confusion during the security questioning. Despite his explanation, Coles decided to terminate his employment, citing a breach of its code of conduct and dishonesty during the investigation. Key Issue The central question in this case was whether Mr. Homes’ dismissal was unfair, especially considering the procedures Coles followed before making the decision to terminate his employment. FWC’s Decision The Fair Work Commission scrutinised the events leading up to Mr. Homes' dismissal and the way Coles conducted its investigation. Several crucial points influenced the FWC’s decision: 1. Purpose of the Milo: The FWC found that the Milo was provided by Coles for employees' consumption at work, which is precisely what Mr. Homes was using it for, albeit with his own mixture. It was clear that his actions did not extend beyond the permitted use. 2. The Day of the Incident: The Commission accepted Mr. Homes' account that he had forgotten to take his usual portion home that day. As a result, he put the pre-made mixture into his bag rather than storing it in his locker. 3. Aggressive Interrogation by Security: The FWC criticised the manner in which Coles’ security personnel questioned Mr. Homes. The aggressive nature of the interrogation led to confused and inconsistent responses from the employee, which the FWC deemed understandable under the circumstances. This confusion did not amount to dishonesty. 4. Substandard Investigation: The Commission concluded that Coles’ investigation was inadequate. The company failed to consider the employee's explanation fully and did not provide a fair opportunity for him to clarify his actions. As a result, the dismissal was based on flawed assumptions rather than a comprehensive understanding of the facts. 5. Outcome: The FWC ruled that Mr. Homes’ dismissal was unfair. The investigation's shortcomings, coupled with the employee's plausible explanation and the absence of genuine dishonesty, led to the conclusion that Coles had acted prematurely in terminating his employment. The Commission ordered that Mr. Homes be reinstated to his position. Key Takeaways for Employers This case highlights the importance of fair and effective investigative procedures in workplace misconduct allegations. Employers should be aware of the following: - Conduct thorough investigations: Ensure that all facts are properly gathered and reviewed before making disciplinary decisions. Employees must be given a fair chance to explain their actions. - Avoid aggressive questioning: Security personnel or management should approach investigations with neutrality and respect. Aggressive questioning can lead to misunderstandings and may not yield reliable information. - Focus on context: Consider the context of the employee’s actions and the intent behind them. In this case, the FWC found that Mr. Homes’ actions were aligned with the intended use of the Milo provided by the employer. - Procedural fairness is key: Employers must ensure that any dismissal process complies with the principles of procedural fairness. Failure to do so may result in findings of unfair dismissal and orders for reinstatement, which can be both costly and reputationally damaging. By taking these lessons to heart, employers can mitigate the risk of unfair dismissal claims and foster a fairer workplace culture. For more insights on workplace rights and employment disputes, visit our website at 1800ADVOCATES.au.

Today marks a significant shift in the landscape of Australian workplace rights with the introduction of the "right to disconnect." This new legal development, effective from today, aims to empower employees by recognising their right to disengage from work-related communications outside of their agreed working hours. The move reflects a growing global trend towards prioritising work-life balance and protecting workers from the constant demands of being "always on." What Is the Right to Disconnect? The right to disconnect refers to an employee's entitlement to disengage from work-related communications, such as emails, phone calls, and messages, during their personal time. This right ensures that employees are not expected to respond to work demands outside of their scheduled hours, allowing them to fully enjoy their personal time without the stress of after-hours work obligations. Why Is This Right Important? The modern workplace, driven by advancements in technology, often blurs the lines between work and personal life. The expectation that employees are available around the clock can lead to burnout, stress, and a lack of work-life balance. The right to disconnect is crucial in addressing these issues, ensuring that employees have the time to recharge and maintain their mental and physical health. Legal Framework and Implementation While the concept of the right to disconnect has been discussed globally, its formal recognition in Australia is a recent development. The new law, effective from today, establishes clear boundaries for after-hours work communications, reinforcing the importance of work-life balance in Australian workplaces. Under this new framework, employers are required to respect the agreed working hours of their employees and refrain from making unreasonable demands for after-hours work. This legal development is rooted in the broader principles of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth), which already provides protections related to reasonable working hours and employer obligations to manage work-related stress under Work Health and Safety (WHS) laws. Implications for Employers and Employees For employers, the introduction of the right to disconnect means a need to revisit workplace policies and ensure compliance with the new law. Clear guidelines and expectations should be communicated to all staff to prevent misunderstandings and ensure that the workplace culture supports this right. Employees, on the other hand, should feel empowered to enforce their right to disconnect. If work-related communication outside of agreed hours becomes excessive or unreasonable, employees now have a legal basis to address the issue with their employer. Looking Ahead The formal recognition of the right to disconnect is a progressive step forward in Australian workplace law, aligning the country with global trends in employee welfare and work-life balance. As the implementation of this new right begins, it will be essential for both employers and employees to adapt to these changes, fostering a healthier, more balanced work environment for all. As always, staying informed and proactive about your rights and obligations is key to navigating these changes effectively. The right to disconnect represents not just a legal shift, but a cultural one, redefining the way we approach work in the modern era.

The issue of workers' privacy is once again under the spotlight as the Electrical Trades Union (ETU) calls on the Albanese Government to address significant gaps in Australia's privacy laws. This concern arises from an emerging trend where employers, particularly in the resource sector, are requiring prospective employees to undergo mandatory blood testing as a condition of employment. The Rise of Mandatory Blood Testing A recent paper released by the Centre for Future Work, titled *No Blood - No Job*, explores this concerning development. Authored by Dr. Lisa Heap, the report highlights how some employers are now collecting sensitive personal information, including blood samples, as a routine part of their recruitment process. This practice, according to the report, is becoming increasingly normalised and raises serious questions about the balance between employer needs and employee privacy rights. Worker Experiences and Concerns The Centre for Future Work conducted interviews with workers who had been required to provide blood samples as part of their application process for jobs in the resource sector. The experiences shared by these workers are troubling. Many felt pressured to consent to these invasive tests to remain in the running for employment, with little understanding of why the tests were necessary or how their data would be used. One worker even reported losing a job opportunity after refusing to consent to the blood test, while another had to undergo follow-up tests at their own expense. There is a level of acceptance in the resource sector for certain types of testing, such as urine tests, particularly where safety concerns involving heavy machinery are at play. However, the interviewed workers expressed significant unease about the introduction of blood testing, describing it as overly intrusive and an overreach into personal health matters that should remain between them and their doctors. The Legal and Ethical Implications The report underscores the inadequacies of current privacy protections under the Fair Work Act, which do not extend the same level of protection to employee records as those provided under the Privacy Act. This loophole allows employers to exploit their position of power during recruitment, often disregarding privacy considerations. While privacy laws do apply to the collection of sensitive information before employment, the current framework is insufficient to prevent the misuse of such data. The Call for Stronger Protections To address these issues, the ETU is advocating for a unified, worker-centric system that would close existing gaps in privacy protections. The report suggests either removing the Privacy Act's exemption for employee records or incorporating comprehensive privacy protections into the Fair Work Act. The underlying principle should be that employers only access the minimal amount of information necessary for employment purposes, and that workers, along with their representatives, should have a say in what constitutes "strictly necessary" information. Conclusion The ETU's push for stronger privacy laws reflects growing concerns about the invasive practices becoming standard in some industries. As the government reviews privacy legislation, it is crucial that the rights of workers are front and centre in these discussions. Protecting workers from unwarranted intrusions into their personal health information is not just a legal obligation; it is a fundamental aspect of ensuring fairness and dignity in the workplace. "No Blood - No Job" serves as a timely reminder of the importance of safeguarding workers' privacy rights, and the need for robust legal frameworks to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable job seekers. As this debate continues, the voices of workers and their advocates must be heard to ensure that privacy protections keep pace with evolving employment practices. or

The protection of workers' privacy has become a pressing issue in Australia, as highlighted by the recent report *No Blood - No Job: Australia’s Privacy Laws and Workers' Rights*, authored by Dr. Lisa Heap and published by the Centre for Future Work at The Australia Institute. The report provides a detailed analysis of the growing trend among employers, particularly in the resource sector, to mandate blood testing as part of the recruitment process. This practice raises significant concerns about the balance between employers' interests and workers' fundamental rights to privacy. Australia's Privacy Laws and Their Gaps Australia's current privacy laws, primarily governed by the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), offer some protection for personal and sensitive information. However, the report identifies significant gaps, particularly regarding the handling of sensitive information such as health data, including blood samples. Under the Privacy Act, sensitive information can only be collected where it is reasonably necessary for the entity's functions or activities, and with the individual's consent. Despite these protections, the report reveals that some employers are increasingly treating the collection of sensitive information as a routine part of their recruitment processes, often without clear justification or proper consent mechanisms. Worker Experiences: Privacy at Risk The report draws on interviews with electrical trades workers who were required to provide blood samples as a condition of employment. These workers reported feeling pressured to consent to these invasive tests, with little understanding of why the tests were necessary or how the data would be used. The workers were often given minimal information and were required to sign broad consent forms, authorising the use of their sensitive information by the company, its subsidiaries, and related entities, including those overseas. One particularly concerning aspect of this practice is the lack of transparency and the potential for misuse of the collected data. Workers who refused to consent to the blood tests were effectively excluded from the recruitment process, highlighting the power imbalance between employers and workers in these situations. The report also notes that companies often justified the tests under the broad rationale of "health and safety," without providing specific reasons or linking the tests to the actual requirements of the job. The Legal and Ethical Implications The No Blood - No Job report underscores the inadequacies of the current legal framework in protecting workers' privacy. The Privacy Act's exemption for employee records means that once sensitive information becomes part of an employee's record, it is no longer subject to the same protections. This loophole allows employers to collect and use sensitive information with minimal oversight, raising significant ethical concerns. Furthermore, the report criticises the lack of a clear and enforceable standard for obtaining genuine consent from workers. The power imbalance inherent in the employer-employee relationship makes it difficult for workers to freely give consent, particularly when their employment prospects are at stake. The Call for Stronger Protections In light of these findings, the report advocates for a more worker-centric approach to privacy, calling for comprehensive reforms to both privacy and workplace relations laws. Key recommendations include: - Establishing a Single System of Regulation: The report argues for a unified system that protects all workers' privacy rights, regardless of their employment status or the size of the organisation. This would involve either removing the employee records exemption from the Privacy Act or incorporating comprehensive privacy protections into the Fair Work Act. - Strict Information Collection Boundaries: The collection of sensitive information should be treated as a high-risk activity, subject to strict justification and a requirement for genuine consent. The report recommends that organisations should only collect sensitive information when it is strictly necessary and that this necessity should be demonstrated through a worker impact assessment. - Tripartite Mechanisms for Decision Making: The report suggests the establishment of a tripartite mechanism, involving regulators, employers, and unions, to oversee the collection, use, and storage of workers' sensitive information. This would ensure that workers and their representatives have a say in decisions affecting their privacy. - Effective Enforcement and Dispute Resolution: The report calls for a streamlined, worker-centric approach to handling complaints and disputes related to privacy breaches. This would include robust enforcement mechanisms and meaningful penalties for organisations that fail to comply with privacy laws. Conclusion The No Blood - No Job report highlights a critical issue facing Australian workers today: the erosion of privacy rights in the face of increasing employer demands for sensitive information. The report's findings underscore the need for urgent reforms to protect workers' privacy and ensure that the collection of sensitive information is conducted in a fair, transparent, and justifiable manner. As Australia's privacy laws continue to evolve, it is crucial that workers' rights remain at the forefront of these changes. The recommendations outlined in the report provide a clear framework for achieving a more balanced approach to privacy in the workplace, one that respects the dignity and autonomy of all workers. Acknowledgments This analysis draws extensively on the research conducted by Dr. Lisa Heap in the report No Blood - No Job: Australia’s Privacy Laws and Workers' Rights , published by the Centre for Future Work at The Australia Institute in August 2024. The full report can be accessed on the Australia Institute’s website [here](https://australiainstitute.org.au). Disclaimer: This blog post is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For specific legal concerns, readers should consult a qualified professional.

In a recent decision by the Fair Work Commission (FWC), a casual worker's unfair dismissal claim, filed five weeks after the deadline, was accepted due to the employer's actions creating uncertainty around the worker's dismissal date. This case highlights the importance of clear communication from employers and the potential consequences when this is lacking. The case involved a security guard employed by the Banarang Aboriginal Corporation. In November, the corporation received complaints about two incidents involving the guard, leading to his removal from the roster. Concerned about his employment status, the security guard reached out to his manager, who informed him of the complaints and suggested that the guard file incident reports. Shortly after, the guard received an email from the employer stating that the investigation was ongoing and explicitly confirming that the guard had not been dismissed. The email also mentioned that the employer might still offer him shifts during the investigation and requested that he confirm his availability. However, the security guard did not see the email and filed an unfair dismissal claim. Upon learning that the investigation was still ongoing and that his employment had not been terminated, the guard, on advice from his lawyer, discontinued his claim. Over the following months, from December to March, the security guard made several attempts to contact his employer, seeking to clarify his status, return to work, and provide his availability. Unfortunately, the employer never responded to these attempts. Eventually, on April 23, the security guard resigned via email. Deputy President Tom Roberts, who presided over the case, found that the November email clearly represented that the guard's employment was ongoing and that an investigation was in process. The Deputy President noted that the guard was entitled to rely on this representation and did so, to his detriment, when he instructed his lawyers to discontinue his initial application. Deputy President Roberts concluded that the security guard's employment effectively ended on March 12, a week after his final email to the employer, when it became reasonably apparent that the Banarang Aboriginal Corporation had no intention of contacting him or offering him further work. The failure of the employer to respond created significant uncertainty for the guard regarding whether and when he had been dismissed. Given the uncertainty surrounding the dismissal date, the FWC accepted the late filing of the guard's unfair dismissal claim, acknowledging that the unclear timeline warranted an extension of time for lodging the claim. This case underscores the critical importance of employers maintaining clear and timely communication with their employees, especially during investigations or disciplinary processes. A lack of transparency can lead to confusion and potential legal ramifications, as seen in this instance, where the employer's inaction ultimately led to an extended deadline for an unfair dismissal claim. The decision serves as a reminder to both employers and employees to ensure that all communications, particularly those related to employment status, are clear, documented, and promptly addressed to avoid misunderstandings that could lead to legal disputes. Case Reference: Doug Callander v Banarang Aboriginal Corporation [2024] FWC 2080 (6 August 2024)

The "Cameron case" typically refers to the principle established in the case of *Masters v Cameron* (1954) 91 CLR 353, a landmark decision by the High Court of Australia concerning contract formation. The case outlined the circumstances under which an agreement between parties can be considered binding or merely an agreement to agree. The principle established in *Masters v Cameron* (1954): The High Court in *Masters v Cameron* identified three distinct categories where parties may sign a written agreement: 1. Final and Binding Agreement: The parties intend to be immediately bound by their agreement, even though they plan to formalise it later. This is a binding contract, and the parties can be held to its terms even before the formal document is executed. 2. Agreement Subject to Formal Document: The parties have agreed on all the terms and intend to be bound only when a formal document is executed. In this case, no binding contract exists until the formal document is signed. 3. Binding Subject to Certain Terms: The parties are immediately bound by the agreed terms, but the agreement is conditional on certain terms being included or fulfilled in the formal document. The parties are bound by what they have agreed upon, but the contract's finality depends on the fulfilment of those conditions. The case is often cited in contract law to determine whether an agreement is enforceable or whether the parties intended to create legal relations. Later Development - Fourth Category: A fourth category was later recognised in cases such as *Baulkham Hills Private Hospital Pty Ltd v GR Securities Pty Ltd* (1986) 40 NSWLR 622, where the parties are immediately bound by their agreement, but it is anticipated that a more detailed document will be agreed upon later. However, if the later agreement does not materialise, the initial agreement remains binding. This case has been crucial in determining when an agreement has been legally formed, particularly in scenarios involving negotiations or preliminary agreements.

In a landmark move towards wage equity, the Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees' Association (SDA) and the United Workers Union (UWU) have jointly filed an application under section 306E of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) ("the Act") to secure Same-Job, Same-Pay (SJSP) orders. These orders, if granted, could significantly increase the pay of on-hire workers at Metcash distribution centres by up to $12,700 per annum. The Legal Basis: Section 306E of the Fair Work Act Section 306E of the Act allows unions to apply for orders ensuring that workers employed through labour hire arrangements receive the same pay as those directly employed by the host company, provided that they perform substantially similar work. This provision is crucial in addressing wage disparities that often arise in industries reliant on labour hire firms. The unions' application targets four labour hire companies: Asset Personnel, Fluid Recruitment, Omni Recruit, and Manpower Services. These companies supply workers to Metcash’s Gepps Cross distribution centre in Adelaide, where the workers perform various tasks such as picking, packing, storing, receiving, dispatching, and forking, which are categorically defined as "storeworker work." Pay Disparity and the Legal Argument According to SDA SA Branch Secretary Josh Peak, on-hire workers at Metcash are paid approximately 20% less than their directly engaged colleagues, despite performing identical tasks. This disparity is at odds with the principles of the Fair Work Act, which aims to provide equal remuneration for work of equal value. The unions are seeking an increase of $6.50 per hour for on-hire workers, a rise that would amount to an additional $12,666 per annum for a standard 38-hour workweek. The application references the Metcash Trading Limited South Australian Food & Liquor Enterprise Agreement 2023, which sets the terms for directly employed workers at the distribution centre. Relevant Case Law The application draws upon precedents in Australian employment law where the courts have upheld the principles of equal pay for equal work. One such case is CFMEU v BHP Coal Pty Ltd [2017] FCAFC 35, where the Full Federal Court held that labour hire workers should receive comparable pay to directly employed workers if they perform similar duties under comparable conditions. The case of CFMEU v BHP Coal Pty Ltd centres on a dispute over the pay and conditions of workers employed at the BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance's (BMA) mines in Queensland. Specifically, the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU) brought the case against BHP Coal Pty Ltd, arguing that BHP had breached the Fair Work Act 2009 by engaging labour hire workers under terms and conditions that were less favourable than those of directly employed workers. The CFMEU argued that the labour hire workers, supplied by Chandler Macleod and Hays Specialist Recruitment, were performing the same work as BHP's directly employed workers, but were receiving lower pay and less favourable conditions. This discrepancy was claimed to be in breach of the relevant enterprise agreements covering BHP's employees. The Full Federal Court ruled in favour of BHP Coal Pty Ltd, holding that the company had not breached the enterprise agreements. The court found that the enterprise agreements applied only to the employees directly employed by BHP and did not extend to labour hire workers employed by third parties, such as Chandler Macleod and Hays. The court reasoned that the enterprise agreements specifically covered BHP’s employees, and since the labour hire workers were not employed by BHP, they were not entitled to the same pay and conditions under those agreements. The court noted that BHP was entitled to engage workers through labour hire companies under different terms, provided those terms were lawful and did not breach any specific contractual obligations. The decision in CFMEU v BHP Coal Pty Ltd has significant implications for the use of labour hire workers in Australia. The ruling clarifies that enterprise agreements apply strictly to the employees of the company bound by the agreement and do not extend to workers employed by third-party labour hire firms, even if those workers are performing similar tasks under similar conditions. This case underscores the challenges unions face in securing equal pay for labour hire workers, particularly when those workers are employed under different contractual arrangements. The ruling also highlights the limitations of the Fair Work Act in addressing wage disparities between directly employed and labour hire workers. Another pertinent case is Kucks v CSR Ltd (1996) 66 IR 182, where the Industrial Relations Commission emphasised the need for fairness in pay and conditions for all workers, irrespective of their employment arrangements. These cases underscore the legal framework supporting the unions' application, highlighting the importance of equitable remuneration in maintaining fair work practices. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the Kucks v CSR Ltd (1996) 66 IR 182 case and its impact on wage equity in Australia, you can read the full case [here](https://jade.io/article/328365?at.hl=Kucks+v+CSR+Ltd+(1996)+66+IR+182). This case provides valuable insights into the legal foundations of fair pay in the workplace. Implications of the Application If the Fair Work Commission grants the SJSP orders, the outcome could set a significant precedent for labour hire workers across Australia, reinforcing the principle that all workers deserve fair compensation, regardless of their employment status. This would also send a strong message to employers and labour hire companies about the importance of adhering to equitable pay practices as mandated by the Fair Work Act. Conclusion At 1800ADVOCATES, we recognise the critical importance of this application and its potential to influence future employment practices. The pursuit of fair pay for all workers is a fundamental aspect of our advocacy work, and we will continue to monitor and support efforts to ensure that justice is served in all workplace matters.